A septic system is a small treatment plant in the yard. It works quietly when it is treated well and becomes expensive when it is overloaded or neglected.
What not to flush
Avoid wipes, paper towels, feminine products, cat litter, grease, coffee grounds, and harsh chemicals. Even products labeled flushable can clog pumps and add solids to the tank.
Use less water per flush and fix running toilets promptly. A running toilet can overload a septic system.
Water use
Spread out laundry loads and avoid doing several loads in one day. Consider high-efficiency fixtures and appliances. Keep surface water away from the tank and drain field.
Do not drive vehicles or heavy equipment over the drain field. Compacted soil reduces treatment and can damage pipes.
Pumping
Most tanks need pumping every three to five years, depending on household size, tank size, and water use. A professional can inspect the tank and recommend a schedule.
Keep a record of pumping and inspections. If you are buying a home, a septic inspection is worth the cost.
Drain field warning signs
- Soggy or unusually green patches over the drain field.
- Sewage odors outdoors.
- Slow drains throughout the house.
- Gurgling toilets or backed-up fixtures.
- A septic alarm or high-water warning.
These signs should be checked before the system backs up into the house.
When to call a septic pro
Call for a backup, odor, alarm, or suspected drain field failure. Also call if you are buying or selling a home, adding a bathroom, or planning a large landscaping project near the system.
Do not open the tank yourself. Septic gases can be hazardous, and the area can be unstable.
Frequently asked questions
How often should a septic tank be pumped?
Most tanks need pumping every three to five years, depending on household size and usage. A professional can recommend a schedule.
Can I use a garbage disposal with a septic system?
It adds solids and grease to the tank. Use it sparingly and avoid pouring grease down the drain.
What should I do if the alarm goes off?
Stop using water, check the alarm panel, and call a septic professional. Do not open the tank or attempt repairs yourself.
Need help now? Call (877) 471-2907 and describe the situation. The line is open 7am–10pm EST, seven days a week. For a gas leak, fire, or life-threatening emergency, call 911 first.
About this guide: This information is general and educational. It is not a substitute for an on-site assessment, a licensed professional's advice, or your local building code. Verify licensing and insurance directly with any provider you hire.